051.
Fluoride map of different cities, town and
villages in Saudi Arabia
Dr. ABDULLAH M.
ALDOSARI*, Prof. ENOSAKHARE S. AKPATA‡, Dr. THAKIB A. AL-SHALAN** , Prof.
NAZEER B. KHAN‡‡
*Associate Professor in Oral Medicine, Department
of Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, **Associate Professor in Pediatric
Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of
Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia‡Professor of Restorative Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait,
‡‡* Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Dow
University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
This presentation will cover the fluoride mapping of Saudi Arabia, a part of a Kingdom wide study currently
going on, financed by King
Abdulaziz City
for Science and Technology.
Objective: The objective of the study was to
establish a fluoride map and correlate its values with dental caries and
fluorosis prevalence in Saudi
Arabia.
Materials and Methods: Every town and village with a
school in the Kingdom was regarded as a potential site for obtaining water for
the investigation. About 250 ml of water was collected from each sampling site.
The samples were analyzed for fluoride concentration, using the atomic
absorption spectophometric method.
Results: 5134 water samples were collected
from all the 13 regions of the Kingdom. 4419 (86.1%) samples were taken from
drinking water sources. Aseer region showed the lowest mean fluoride level of
0.36 ppm, followed by Baha region having mean fluoride level of 0.4 ppm. The
highest mean fluoride level was found in Hail region of value of 1.27 ppm.
Majority of the regions (69 %) showed lower fluoride level than recommended
level of 0.61 - 1.00 ppm.
Conclusion: This study developed a base line
fluoride map that would assist the health planners to implement the preventive
measures for dental caries and fluorosis in the Kingdom.
Saudi Dental Journal
2007;19(SI)-Abstr.051
052.
Caries
severity and treatment needs of school-children of Western Province of Saudi
Arabia
Dr. ABDULLAH M. ALDOSARI‡,
Prof. NAZEER B. KHAN*, Prof. ENOSAKHARE S. AKPATA**, Dr. THAKIB A. AL-SHALAN‡‡
‡Associate Professor in Oral Medicine,
Department of Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, ‡‡Associate Professor in Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive
Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi
Arabia, * Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Dow University of Health
Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan, **Professor of Restorative Dentistry, Kuwait
University, Kuwait.
This study is a part of a Kingdom
wide study about fluoride level in drinking water and its correlation with
dental caries and fluorosis in Saudi
Arabia.
Objectives: To determine the severity of dental caries and treatment
needs of schoolchildren in Western province
of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: The sampling methodology was a multistage stratified cluster sampling.
The children of age groups of 6-7 years, 12-13 years and 15-19 years were
included in this study. 2848 children from Western province were screened. 719
children were screened from 1st group, 882 from the 2nd
group and 1176 from the 3rd group.
Results: The mean dmft/DMFT of 1st, 2nd and 3rd
groups of the children was 5.25, 2.91 and 3.57, respectively. Female children
showed significantly higher dmft/DMFT than male children in all the three age
groups and regions, except Madinah region for 6-7 years old children. The children with ‘good' oral hygiene showed
significantly higher dmft/DMFT than with ‘poor' oral hygiene in all age groups
and regions. One surface fillings need of Makkah region's children showed
significantly higher need than Madinah regions' children for 15-18 years old.
Conclusions: The data of this study showed the importance of
establishing an effective treatment protocol for school children and the need
for implementation of preventive program on Western province for the children.
Saudi Dental Journal
2007;19(SI)-Abstr.052
053.
Comparison of mineral trioxide aggregate and
calcium hydroxide as pulpotomy agents in young permanent teeth (apexogenesis)
Dr. OMAR A.S.
EL MELIGY*, Dr. DAVID R. AVERY**
*Associate Professor
in Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia, **Ralph E. McDonald Professor of Pediatric Dentistry Emeritus, School
of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
Purpose: This study was designed to compare
mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH)2] clinically
and radiographically as a pulpotomy agent in immature permanent teeth
(Apexogenesis).
Methods: Fifteen children, each with at
least 2 immature permanent teeth requiring pulpotomy (apexogenesis) were
selected for this study. All selected teeth were evenly divided into 2 test
groups. In Group I, the conventional calcium hydroxide pulpotomy (control) was
performed, whereas in Group II, the MTA pulpotomy (experimental) was done. The
children were recalled for clinical and radiographic evaluations after 3, 6,
and 12 months.
Results: The follow-up evaluations revealed
failure due to pain and swelling detected at 6 and 12 months post-operative
evaluation in only 2 teeth treated with calcium hydroxide. The remaining 28
teeth appeared to be clinically and radiographically successful 12 months post-operatively.
Calcific metamorphosis was a radiographic finding in 2 teeth treated with
Ca(OH)2 and 4 teeth treated with MTA.
Conclusions: MTA showed clinical and
radiographic success as a pulpotomy agent in immature permanent teeth
(apexogenesis) and seems to be a suitable alternative to calcium hydroxide.
Saudi Dental Journal
2007;19(SI)-Abstr.053
054.
Oral
health care of infants and young children
by a group of Saudi mothers
DR. LANRE L. BELLO
Assistant
Professor in Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College
of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
This study was undertaken to investigate oral health
measures rendered to infants and young children by a group of Saudi mothers. Cross-sectional
questionnaire survey was carried out on mothers whose children, aged 5 to 40
months, participated in the study of eruption times of primary dentition in
Saudi children. Methods and frequency of cleaning the child's teeth in relation
to number of erupted teeth were determined and related to mothers' educational
level and family size. Chi-square test was used in statistical analysis. Results
show that of 446 children, 49.8% never had their teeth cleaned at all,
particularly at age 5-15 months, while 39.9% of the children brushed their
teeth or had them brushed by their mothers. Fluoride toothpaste was used by
31.4% of the children. Children of mothers with low education indulge in little
or no oral hygiene practices and most of those who did were on irregular basis.
It can be concluded that one in two children never had their teeth cleaned at
all especially before the full complement of the primary dentition. Tooth
brushing habit with fluoride toothpaste was very low among the age group
studied. Method and frequency of cleaning the child's dentition was related to
maternal education and family size.
Saudi Dental Journal
2007;19(SI)-Abstr.054
055.
Expression of
cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor gene p27kip1 and Ki-67
in benign
and malignant pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands
Dr. MOHAMAD T. ISMAIL
Consultant
in Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Dental Center,
King Fahad Specialist
Hospital
Buraidah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Salivary
gland tumors comprise a significant proportion of oral tumors after squamous
cell carcinoma and constitute a heterogenous group of greatly varied lesions.
The benign pleomorphic adenoma is the most common that accounts for about 60%
of all salivary gland tumors, while the malignant pleomorphic adenoma
represents 2-5%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the
expression of p27kip1 and Ki-67 in these lesions.
Eleven
formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tumor specimens (6 benign and 5 malignant
pleomorphic adenomas) were collected from the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University
and the Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University,
Cairo. Paraffin
embedded blocks were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)
to confirm the diagnosis. The immunohistochemistry was performed for the
apoptosis-related marker p27kip1 and the proliferative marker Ki-67.
Microscopic
examination of p27kip1 expression in specimens of benign pleomorphic
adenomas revealed various intensity of nuclear staining from tumor to tumor,
while an intense diffuse nuclear staining for p27kip1 was
demonstrated in all cases of malignant pleomorphic adenomas. On the other hand,
immunostaining for Ki-67 using serial sections from both tumors were strongly
positive.
Over
expression of p27kipl was associated with a high histologic grade
tumor, but not with tumor size or stage. The proliferative-associated marker Ki-67
was equally expressed in both adenomas. Thus, an evidence for the valuable use
of p27kip1 and Ki-67 as tumor index and additional diagnosis was suggested.
Saudi Dental Journal
2007;19(SI)-Abstr.055
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